Level 3 · Intermediate

Intermediate

Create effective workflows

Connect several steps, handle information and place human checkpoints where they matter.

Choose any chapter. This level builds on earlier levels or equivalent knowledge.

  1. Map a workflow
  2. Find bottlenecks
  3. Structured information
  4. Data quality in practice
  5. Documents as knowledge sources
  6. Search before answering
  7. RAG without unnecessary jargon
  8. Context and document boundaries
  9. Reusable instructions
  10. Automation or AI
  11. Integrations and permissions
  12. The concept of an API
  13. AI agents and assignments
  14. Human checkpoints
  15. Errors and exceptions
  16. Logs and traceability
  17. Measuring a workflow
  18. Document for the next person
  19. Recovery and fallback
  20. Level project: a controlled workflow
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Level 3 · Intermediate

Map a workflow

In this chapter ↓
  1. See the work from beginning to end
  2. A booking enquiry as an example
  3. Find the handovers
  4. Start small

See the work from beginning to end

A workflow describes how a task moves from a need to a usable result. It may involve answering booking enquiries, preparing a lesson or returning a repaired item. AI can support some parts, but the work first needs to be understandable.

Identify the trigger and what counts as finished. Then describe each step's input, output and responsibility. Input is the material needed; output goes to the next person or step; responsibility identifies checking or decision ownership.

A booking enquiry as an example

Each step needs input, output and an owner; missing facts return for completion.
Each step needs input, output and an owner; missing facts return for completion.

A group asks a fictional pottery workshop about a course evening. First collect the requested date and attendance. The recipient ensures that these facts exist and do not conflict. Output is a complete enquiry, not yet a booking.

Next check venue and tutor using the enquiry and current availability. The course organiser confirms an alternative or explains that the request cannot be met. A message can then be drafted. AI may help wording using only confirmed facts. The responsible person reviews before sending under workshop procedures.

Missing attendance returns for completion. An unavailable tutor requires alternative dates. These routes belong to the workflow; they are not failures to hide.

Find the handovers

Two people may each think the other checked something. State what each handover contains and what the next step may rely on. “Organiser confirmed date and tutor” says more than “booking checked”.

Paper diagrams or simple tables suffice. Tool lists do not show decision authority or missing-information handling. Choose tools after describing work.

Start small

Map a bounded recurring case as it actually works, including calls, notes and spoken messages. This helps choose improvements and possible AI support without losing context or responsibility.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Find bottlenecks

In this chapter ↓
  1. What is really slowing the work?
  2. A fictional association case
  3. Measure before changing
  4. Avoid moving the queue

What is really slowing the work?

A bottleneck is a part of the work that limits its flow. It might be a queue for a decision, input that frequently needs completion, or a step that takes longer than others. The solution need not involve AI. Sometimes clearer questions, simpler procedures or better access to information help more.

Separate active work from waiting. A reply may take three minutes to write but two days to approve. Halving writing time then addresses only a small part of the recipient's delay.

A fictional association case

A sports association receives meeting-room enquiries. In ten constructed cases, receipt and organisation average five minutes each, calendar checking four minutes, and writing three minutes. Six enquiries lack an end time and wait one day for completion.

The first improvement is therefore to request both start and end times at receipt. AI wording may still help, but does not most clearly address the observed waiting.

Measure before changing

A baseline describes work before a change. Record case numbers, completion requests, active time and time to usable reply. Define when timing begins and ends. An automated acknowledgement is not a completed room decision.

Then compare similar periods and case types. If the new period contains only simple bookings, comparison with earlier mixed enquiries is not straightforward. Report that difference instead of crediting all improvement to the new procedure.

A fast first step can create more work later if the information becomes poorer. Follow misunderstandings and recurring corrections, and ask the next recipient whether the result is easier to use. The aim is improvement across the whole task, not a faster isolated moment. A baseline should distinguish active work from waiting, and an acknowledgement from a usable room decision. That distinction prevents impressive writing-speed figures from concealing the actual delay.

Avoid moving the queue

A fast first step may create later work if input worsens. Track mistakes, misunderstandings and recurring correction. Ask whoever receives the result whether it is easier to use.

The aim is a better flow for the whole task. Identify the problem's location, effect and measurable starting point before selecting technology. This also reveals when a simple change suffices.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Structured information

In this chapter ↓
  1. Give information consistent meaning
  2. An event schema
  3. Required for which step?
  4. AI can organise, not create facts

Give information consistent meaning

Structured information arranges facts in clear fields, helping people and tools interpret them consistently. A neat table is not enough: each field needs a defined meaning and format.

If quantity sometimes means participants and sometimes portions, summaries become difficult. If blank price means free, information changes. Rules should make distinctions visible.

An event schema

A fictional food festival collects demonstration requests:

Case ID: unique identifier, required.

Requested date: YYYY-MM-DD, required.

Start/end times: local clock times, required.

Expected attendance: positive integer, required for planning.

Equipment needs: optional description; blank does not confirm no need.

Status: received, needs completion or confirmed, required.

For same-day events, end must follow start. Overnight events need other handling. The schema states both capabilities and limits.

Required for which step?

An enquiry without attendance may be received but cannot become complete planning input. Requirements need step/use context, preventing excluded legitimate questions or approved inadequate information.

Unknown, not applicable and zero differ. Zero bookings is known; unknown attendance is a gap; irrelevant fields need another marker.

AI can organise, not create facts

AI may propose fields or transfer free text. Compare against originals and expose uncertain interpretation. After lunch must not become 13:00 without confirmation.

Document names, meanings, formats and requirements together, allowing others to work without guessing and schema changes to remain visible.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Data quality in practice

In this chapter ↓
  1. Clean with care
  2. Three fictional register faults
  3. Separate correction and judgement
  4. Check afterwards

Clean with care

Data quality means adequate accuracy and usability for purpose. Duplicates, inconsistent date formats and missing values recur. Cleaning should not make uncertain information appear settled.

Preserve originals before changing. Work in copies and record corrections, reasons and input. This enables comparison and recovery from wrong interpretation.

Three fictional register faults

A craft fair has two M-12 records with identical facts/origin, a 12/11 date without year/format and a missing stand number.

Flag possible duplicates and establish that they concern one case. Then retain one active record and document the duplicate. Matching exhibitor names alone do not establish identity.

12/11 has different possible meanings. Ask the information owner rather than guess, and record the answer. Keep missing stand unknown until confirmed, not zero.

Separate correction and judgement

Removing a space differs from choosing conflicting prices. Rules may handle the former; evidence or decisions handle the latter. Track corrected versus pending records.

AI can flag unusual formats and candidate duplicates for original comparison. Do not request plausible missing values for factual registers.

Cleaning changes need different levels of judgement. Removing an extra space can often follow a simple rule. Choosing between contradictory prices requires evidence or a decision. Keep corrected records separate from those awaiting confirmation. After changes, explain the difference in record count and ensure valid cases have not disappeared. Relationships, such as an enquiry linked to its assigned stand, must still hold. An improved register with visible unresolved questions may be more useful than an apparently perfect register containing guesses.

Check afterwards

Compare counts and explain differences. Ensure valid cases remain and relationships such as case-to-stand still hold. Record unresolved faults.

Useful results may be improved registers with visible gaps and owners, not perfectly clean ones.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Documents as knowledge sources

In this chapter ↓
  1. Establish which documents apply
  2. A fictional museum
  3. Bound the task
  4. Maintain the register

Establish which documents apply

AI answering organisational questions needs clear boundaries on evidence. Old routines sound as convincing as new ones; final filenames do not prove current status.

A source register records origin, version, owner and permitted use, including unconfirmed rights/status. File access is not permission for external sharing.

A fictional museum

Group Visits 2.0 is current from an owner-specified date. Version 1.3 is historical. An undated draft proposes opening hours without decision.

Record ID, title, version, owner, status, original location and confirmed use. 2.0 may support internal drafts in the chosen tool; the draft is not current and use unconfirmed.

This is a fictional organisational decision, not legal clearance. Actual owners need to confirm currency and handling.

Bound the task

Use only applicable current documents and flag insufficient evidence. Future unagreed opening hours must not become promises.

Conflicting current documents require owner resolution, not AI choosing the newest-looking one. Record conflict and stop the relevant conclusion.

A current-looking filename is not a decision about status or permitted processing. In the museum case, document owners must confirm both. If two applicable sources conflict, register the conflict and pause the affected conclusion until the owner resolves it. When a replacement begins to apply, mark the earlier version historical and update references while retaining it to explain previous results. Missing usage rights should be stated explicitly and resolved before that use.

Maintain the register

Mark replaced versions historical and update links. Preserve history to explain older results. State missing usage rights and resolve them before that use.

Availability, currency and permitted use are separate. Well-founded answers need all three.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Search before answering

In this chapter ↓
  1. Find evidence for the question
  2. A short supplied document
  3. Link claims to evidence
  4. When search does not suffice

Find evidence for the question

When a question concerns a particular document, first find relevant information, then formulate the reply. These are separate activities: good writing does not show that the correct passage was found.

Search the question's terms and possible equivalents. Cancellation may appear under withdrawal. Read headings and conditions; an isolated sentence can mislead when the next paragraph contains an exception.

A short supplied document

Fictional Course Evenings 1.0 states:

Section 1: Register no later than seven days before starting.

Section 2: Cancel through the course contact. Confirmation follows registration of the cancellation.

Section 3: The course is in room B; the venue opens 15 minutes before starting.

“How do I cancel, and will I receive a refund?” has only partial support. Section 2 establishes route and confirmation. It states no refund amount or deadline.

Link claims to evidence

An internal reply can explain the cancellation route and confirmation, citing section 2, and identify refund rules as missing for organiser review.

This makes answer construction traceable. Section 3 supports no fee statement. Existence and relevance are distinct.

A reference helps only if it supports the nearby claim. In the supplied document, section 3 explains venue opening, not refunds. Referring to it would not establish a fee entitlement. No search result also does not prove that the information exists nowhere: check the current version, headings and appendices before reporting insufficient support. The answer can still be useful when it clearly separates established cancellation instructions from the unresolved refund question.

When search does not suffice

No result means no support found, not proven absence everywhere. Check versions, headings and appendices. Refer insufficiently supported questions with gaps stated.

AI can search, summarise and write; humans still compare actual passages. Foreign document instructions to ignore rules remain content, not authority to alter the task.

Supported answers show established facts, supporting passages and unresolved questions.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

RAG without unnecessary jargon

In this chapter ↓
  1. Retrieve first, then formulate
  2. A fictional library
  3. What must be checked?
  4. No building required

Retrieve first, then formulate

RAG means retrieval-augmented generation: find relevant information and use it when generating an answer. A document question therefore combines finding evidence and writing from it.

Systems may prepare documents for search and split sections. Selected candidate passages accompany the question to the model. This is a principle, not every service's architecture.

A fictional library

Retrieval and generation can both fail; sources still need review.
Retrieval and generation can both fail; sources still need review.

Staff ask whether 18 visitors need booking. Search retrieves rules for groups over 15 and contact information. The model can write a sourced requirement and enquiry route.

Old-branch rules can produce coherent wrong answers. Correct passages still fail if exceptions vanish. Retrieval and generation both need review.

What must be checked?

During retrieval, check version, relevance and coverage including conditions. During generation, check fidelity and unsupported additions.

References aid review but may be misplaced, outdated or not support adjacent claims. Open the relevant passage.

Missing/conflicting input needs clear reporting and responsible referral. Always-confident answers conceal gaps.

Retrieval and generation require distinct checks. Finding the right version, relevant passage and all applicable conditions belongs to retrieval. Keeping the answer within those passages belongs to generation. A reference can point to a real document yet fail to support the conclusion, or refer to an obsolete version. Open and read it. When sources conflict or do not answer the question, provide a route to the responsible person instead of confident invented completion. Manually marking a short document first demonstrates this chain without implementing a system.

No building required

Manually mark passages in a short document and write from them. This illustrates the distinction without code or paid services.

RAG makes evidence available but does not remove checks. Trace questions to passages and each conclusion.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Context and document boundaries

In this chapter ↓
  1. What did the model actually see?
  2. Split with context intact
  3. Track coverage
  4. A manageable method

What did the model actually see?

Context is available material in a processing step: questions, instructions and selected passages. It is not every file or all organisational knowledge.

Long documents may require splitting. Even large supported volumes need coverage tracking. Upload does not establish complete correct use.

Split with context intact

A fictional ten-section event booklet records headings, pages and versions. Booking section 4 references exceptions in 8; handle them together.

A register showing 1–3 summarised, 4/8 jointly reviewed and other sections outstanding must describe that scope, not complete coverage.

Preserve definitions, units, labels and exceptions. Exact copying can mislead without column headings or referenced conditions.

Track coverage

State each part's scope, answered questions and cross-links. Check overlaps/conflicts when merging; compare differing rules with originals.

Changed versions need explicit part linkage to avoid silent old/new mixing.

Each partial review should record the sections covered, questions answered and links that require reading elsewhere. When the parts are consolidated, review overlaps and contradictions rather than merely concatenate summaries. A table without column headings or a condition without its referenced exception may mislead despite accurate copying. If the original changes during work, identify which parts use which version. Questions outside reviewed sections need fresh evidence and an explicit limit, not a claim of complete coverage.

A manageable method

A list/contents page suffices; detailed technical limits are unnecessary to state scope. Avoid processing-volume guarantees.

Questions outside covered parts need flagged limits and correct sources. Bounded results beat apparently complete omissions.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Reusable instructions

In this chapter ↓
  1. Make changes visible
  2. Two fictional versions
  3. Compare with criteria
  4. Orderly version changes

Make changes visible

When instructions change, trace which version produced results and why. This applies to simple templates.

Record ID/date/owner/reason. Separate fixed instructions from case facts; old customers/dates do not belong permanently.

Two fictional versions

SVAR-1.0 asks for short collection-time replies. Drafts confuse proposals with confirmation. SVAR-1.1 distinguishes proposed/customer-confirmed times and forbids unsupported bookings, compensation or promises.

This is a change objective, not proof of improvement.

Compare with criteria

Use identical constructed input to assess status, while checking readability and retained times. Record material and actual findings.

The chapter describes a method; no tools/comparisons were run. Greater detail alone is not improvement.

The workshop's change addresses a particular repeated error: proposals becoming confirmations. A comparison should also check that the revised instruction does not obscure the time or make the reply harder to understand. Record the input and actual finding, not merely the intention to improve. Preserve older instructions as history and identify the current version for all users. During recovery, retain later correct work and avoid reintroducing an earlier known fault. A small log of versions, reasons and review makes these changes understandable.

Orderly version changes

Retain history, current identification and usage decision. Colleagues need the same applicable version.

Earlier versions support investigations, but recovery must retain later correct work and avoid known faults. Define scope/checks.

A short version/reason/review log explains output and helps learning.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Automation or AI

In this chapter ↓
  1. Choose support for the task
  2. Five fictional hostel steps
  3. Variation and consequences
  4. Simple useful support

Choose support for the task

Automation follows defined procedures without every manual action. AI can participate, but rules often better serve fields and arithmetic.

Fixed conditions suit reviewable rules; variable free text may suit AI. Humans handle judgement, responsibility and unauthorised decisions.

Five fictional hostel steps

First check arrival/departure dates with a rule, returning missing data.

Second calculate nights normally, handling invalid dates.

Third AI may summarise guest wishes, retaining originals and checking details.

Fourth responsible staff decide whether wishes can be met; summary is support.

Fifth confirmed messages use rule-filled templates or reviewed AI wording, with authorised sending.

This is a fictional allocation, not implementation.

Variation and consequences

Assess variability, clarity and failure effects. Variable language does not authorise decisions. Separate function and mandate.

Include correction, waiting and maintenance. More review than a template may negate benefit.

The five assignments are a teaching proposal, not a finished technical design. Date fields and night calculations have defined rules; free-text wishes vary and may benefit from summarisation. Whether those wishes can be met requires relevant information and human responsibility. A summary is not a decision. Likewise, an available wording tool does not itself authorise sending. Include waiting, correction and maintenance when comparing support with a standard template, and keep manual handling for unusual enquiries.

Simple useful support

Combine rules, AI and humans on paper before building. Keep manual unusual-case routes and ownership.

Possibility alone does not justify AI; technology follows need.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Integrations and permissions

In this chapter ↓
  1. A connection opens a particular door
  2. The minimum necessary scope
  3. Find out what the connection does
  4. A check before use

A connection opens a particular door

An integration connects systems or services. It might let a planning tool read a calendar or transfer confirmed information to a register. The connection needs a clear task and bounded access.

Reading and changing are different permissions. Reading available times does not authorise booking, moving or deleting. A person's access should not automatically be given to an AI function.

The minimum necessary scope

At a fictional music school, an assistant helps staff suggest available group rooms. It needs room availability for the requested period, not teachers' private calendars, student notes or finances.

A permission list therefore specifies reading rooms A–C for the planning period, creating internal suggestions, and no calendar changes or message sending. The booking owner decides and books. Every permission is tied to a necessary function.

A later task involving confirmed bookings needs separate assessment. New goals do not automatically enlarge authority.

Find out what the connection does

Check the account it uses, information that may leave and possible actions. An interface name may not explain its scope. Ask the owner or supplier for an understandable account if needed.

Permissions must be revocable. Record ownership and what happens when accounts close or access ends. Personal/confidential information follows decisions and applicable rules, not whatever the connection technically allows.

A check before use

Describe normal and out-of-scope requests. Room availability should be handled; moving a lesson should stop or transfer. These are later checking criteria, not an integration tested here.

A clear integration has bounded purpose, necessary permissions and an owner. Connecting systems does not create unlimited assignments.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

The concept of an API

In this chapter ↓
  1. Systems can ask one another questions
  2. A static fictional example
  3. Understand format and meaning
  4. What to ask

Systems can ask one another questions

An API defines how one program can use another function or service. Understanding it requires no coding: think of an agreement defining allowed requests, required fields and response form.

A request may ask booking status. The service returns a response; missing cases or forbidden access need errors distinguishable from success.

A static fictional example

A theatre workshop asks about rehearsal room R2 for a date and interval. The connection needs reading permission. A reply might say available, identifying room and period.

Available means unbooked according to the records, not a completed booking. Booking needs another action and permission.

If R2 does not exist, report unhandled request. If the service is silent, status remains unknown, not available. This is an imagined interface without code or real connection.

Understand format and meaning

Machine-readable fields still need interpretation: time zone, current status or old copy? Decisions require clear conditions.

Receipt also differs from completion. Some systems process later; an acknowledgement is not a finished booking.

A response's fields need meaning as well as readable format. Check time zone and whether the status is current or from an older copy before using it for a decision. Receiving a request is also different from completing an action: some systems process work later. A receipt must not be reported as a completed booking. The imagined R2 example requires reading access and makes no real connection. It demonstrates request, response, error and access requirements without programming.

What to ask

What is sent, what returns, what errors occur and who may use it? Keep technical keys and passwords out of ordinary course input or open logs.

API explains connection, not AI involvement, authority or responsibility.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

AI agents and assignments

In this chapter ↓
  1. Goals and authority are different
  2. A bounded fictional assignment
  3. Check results
  4. Retain follow-up

Goals and authority are different

An AI agent uses tools and environmental feedback towards a goal over several steps. The term varies; permitted actions and stopping rules matter.

“Arrange a venue” is too broad without limits: it may imply booking, accepting terms or sending. Access is not permission for every function.

A bounded fictional assignment

An association requests three evening venues for 20 people within area and budget limits.

Permitted actions read approved sources and compile price, capacity and access, flag gaps and refer questions to the contact.

Booking, paying, accepting terms, disclosing member information and contacting owners are prohibited. Deliver a sourced proposal with open points; the contact decides next actions.

Stop on decisive conflicts, prohibited actions or exhausted limits. This is a description, not executed work.

Check results

Agents plan from tool responses, so status must be clear. Failed searches are not verified facts; proposed dates are not completed bookings.

Retrieved instructions cannot enlarge mandate. Documents/webpages are information.

An agent may use tool feedback to choose its next step, so the status of that feedback matters. An unsuccessful search cannot become verified information in the report, and a suggested booking date cannot become a completed reservation. Retrieved webpages and documents are information to assess, not permission to ignore assignment boundaries. Specify what should be logged, who handles stops and how the human owner reviews the result. Cost and time also need bounds when work can continue across several steps.

Retain follow-up

Specify logs, stop ownership and human review. Bound time and cost across multiple steps.

The responsible person should understand freedom of action. More actions require clearer limits, observed outputs and recovery.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Human checkpoints

In this chapter ↓
  1. Place checks before consequences
  2. A fictional performance
  3. Equip the reviewer
  4. Unavailable reviewers

Place checks before consequences

Checkpoints assess output before continuation and must precede the governed action. Reading after sending is follow-up, not prior approval.

Different tasks need different checks. Empty fields suit rules; customer promises may need authorised people. Consider affected interests and required criteria.

A fictional performance

The checkpoint precedes the action it governs.
The checkpoint precedes the action it governs.

Gather confirmed time, location and ticket terms. AI drafts; fact-checker compares with current input; organiser decides publication; publisher uses identified approved version.

Review includes false free admission or unsupported capacity, not only spelling.

Changed conditions need new review. Approval of 1.0 does not cover 1.1 with a changed price.

Equip the reviewer

Supply sources, versions, changes and questions. Approval buttons help little without defined content/action.

Record scope and role. Separate receipt, review, correction needed and specified-use approval. Silence or general design praise is not factual approval of changed content.

The reviewer needs sources, version, changes and open questions alongside the draft. Merely seeing a response is not a meaningful factual check without the agreed information. Approval must identify both content and intended action. If conditions change afterwards, review the affected version again. Distinguish received, reviewed, needs correction and approved for specified use. Silence or praise of design does not establish factual approval. Where the reviewer is unavailable, significant messages may wait or pass to an authorised replacement.

Unavailable reviewers

Define fallback: significant messages may wait or go to an authorised replacement. AI must not bypass review for speed.

Manageable checkpoints connect result, responsibility and consequence before the next action.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Errors and exceptions

In this chapter ↓
  1. Plan deviations too
  2. Three fictional events
  3. Retry boundaries
  4. Learn from deviations

Plan deviations too

Missing input, wrong output and broken connections can propagate unless handled.

For significant failures, define detection, responsibility and return to known state/manual route. Actions are not always undoable; sent errors may need correction messages.

Three fictional events

A booking lacks date. Required-field checks identify it; recipient requests completion, keeps incomplete status and guesses nothing.

AI claims confirmed booking before venue checks. Reviewer flags correction and returns the draft; no publication or confirmation.

Connection breaks after attempted sending. Owner checks actual status before repeating. Unknown outcomes must not trigger blind retries and duplicates. Pause until resolved or an authorised fallback is chosen.

Retry boundaries

Failed reading may be retried. Booking/payment/sending first require knowing whether action happened. Repeating cannot resolve source contradictions.

Define retry conditions, number and takeover. Error cause and completion status differ; no response does not establish receiving-system outcome.

Retries need conditions and limits. Repeating a failed reading may be reasonable, but booking, paying or sending again requires knowing whether the first action happened. Repetition also cannot fix contradictory source information. Separate failure cause from completion status: the service not responding does not establish the receiving system's state. Identify takeover responsibility and retain necessary incident records without needless personal or confidential details. A sent error may require a corrective message rather than a claim that it was undone.

Learn from deviations

Retain necessary incident information without unnecessary sensitive disclosure. Record stopped step and actual action.

Fallback enables controlled continuation and prevents failed/unknown results being labelled complete.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Logs and traceability

In this chapter ↓
  1. Make results possible to follow
  2. Three fictional log entries
  3. Say what checking shows
  4. Match scope

Make results possible to follow

A log records work in order, identifying input and versions, changes and checks actually performed.

It should support follow-up without copying everything. Passwords, keys and sensitive details do not belong in ordinary logs. Document identifiers and protected references often serve better.

Three fictional log entries

An association edits course information:

09:10: TEXT-1.0 from UNDERLAG-2.0. Owner: editor. Check: not reviewed.

09:25: TEXT-1.1 from TEXT-1.0 and the same source. Change: “no registration” to “advance registration required”. Owner: editor. Check: matches section 2; route unconfirmed.

10:05: TEXT-1.2 includes route from BESKED-7, confirmed by organiser. Time, place, registration and route checked against source and confirmation. Ready for publication decision, not published.

The entries show time, version, source, change and actual findings, separating completed checks from pending decisions. Events and times are constructed.

Say what checking shows

“Checked” is vague. State comparison and conclusion. Time-only checking must not become whole-text factual review. Remaining errors stay visible.

Later entries may correct earlier judgements. Preserve history and add changes; do not rewrite mistakes out of existence.

The entries deliberately distinguish a performed comparison from a remaining publication decision. If only time was checked, the log must not claim the entire text was factually reviewed. State what was compared and its actual result, including remaining errors. Later entries can correct earlier judgements while preserving history. For larger work, shared case identifiers connect steps; for small tasks, a text file may suffice. Decide who can read the log and how long it is needed.

Match scope

A text file/table can suffice. Larger workflows may use shared case IDs. Define access and retention.

Traceability does not ensure correctness. It enables investigation, correction and understanding of decisions based on information available then.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Measuring a workflow

In this chapter ↓
  1. Follow time and quality
  2. A constructed comparison
  3. Compare the same work
  4. Use outcomes appropriately

Follow time and quality

Faster is not automatically better. Correction can erase savings or worsen help. Measure usable results, not draft speed alone.

Choose bounded tasks and clear measures: active/waiting time, factual errors and rework. Define errors and timed steps.

A constructed comparison

Ten fictional library messages previously took 120 minutes including checking/correction, with two errors caught before sending.

New drafts take 50 minutes plus 60 checking/correction: 110 total, five error drafts. Ten minutes less active work, more faulty drafts.

Comparing only 50 to 120 omits much work. This is arithmetic teaching, not actual AI evaluation.

Compare the same work

Complex earlier and simple later cases may explain differences. Record types/conditions, use equivalent material and disclose differences.

Averages hide slow cases. Examine overall and exceptional results, including transferred work.

Comparable case types matter. If the earlier set contains complex enquiries and the new set simple standard questions, the difference may come from selection. Use equivalent material where possible and disclose differences where not. Averages can conceal unusually slow cases or effort moved to another person. A little saved time with more faulty drafts may justify correction, restriction or abandonment, not automatic approval. Record material, period, method and limitations so small samples are not presented as future guarantees.

Use outcomes appropriately

Compare agreed criteria. Small savings and more errors may require improvement, restriction or abandonment; numbers do not decide automatically.

Record material, period, method and limits. Small samples offer clues, not future guarantees.

Whole-flow benefit/cost including review supports decisions better than isolated writing speed.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Document for the next person

In this chapter ↓
  1. Make next steps findable
  2. A fictional handover
  3. Describe status
  4. Helpful documentation

Make next steps findable

Handover enables continuation without guesses. It need not be a long manual; entry, material, owner, normal flow and stops may suffice.

State tasks, completed work and checks. Keep version/current status clear; “usual file” fails among similar files.

A fictional handover

A gardening association prepares meeting information:

Entry: programme owner agrees new meeting.

Material: PROGRAM-3.0 and MALL-1.2 in shared folder.

Owner: programme owner confirms facts; editor writes.

Flow: check time/place, draft, compare programme, submit identified version for decision, then authorised sending.

Stop: missing place, conflicting time or unconfirmed change goes to owner, no guesses.

Fallback: same input/template manually.

Specify log location and replacement owner. Documents/roles are fictional.

Describe status

Written may be unreviewed; decided may be unsent. Separate states with version/log.

State remaining questions and resolution. “Almost ready” does not tell others to proofread, confirm venue or send.

The gardening handover also identifies the change log and replacement for an absent programme owner. Written text may still be unreviewed; a decision may be made while sending remains outstanding. State these separately using version and latest log entry. Almost ready is insufficient: the next person needs to know whether to proofread, ask about the location or send. Clear references, relevant checkpoints and updated reasons make documentation usable without essential spoken explanation.

Helpful documentation

Use clear terms, exact references and relevant checkpoints. Update changes/reasons. Spoken explanation can supplement, not replace basic documented steps.

Good handovers support permitted action and correct stops, helping newcomers and later return.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Recovery and fallback

In this chapter ↓
  1. Two continuation methods
  2. Fictional local material
  3. Local knowledge limits
  4. Real checking

Two continuation methods

Recovery restores a usable previous state. Fallback substitutes another approach when support fails, potentially manual without AI.

Backup existence does not prove recovery: incomplete/outdated/missing content can fail. Specify contents, comparison and decision owner.

Fictional local material

An older copy must not erase later correct work.
An older copy must not erase later correct work.

A performance organisation retains PROGRAM-4.0, template/log. Incorrect draft times trigger stopping and comparison with confirmed programme.

Preserve current version before replacement; later correct edits may coexist with errors. Compare, restore times and retain/review subsequent changes. Old copies must not erase all later work.

Manual writing from current local input uses the same checking/decision, without cloud for this task.

Local knowledge limits

Copies do not automatically include later bookings/decisions. Check date/scope. Inaccessible current facts may require waiting or another confirmation.

Storage does not authorise sensitive copying; follow rules.

A local programme copy does not automatically contain current bookings or decisions made after copying. Check its date and scope. If necessary current information exists only in an unavailable system, that decision may need to wait or be confirmed elsewhere. Local storage is not permission to copy sensitive material. Later recovery checks should show essential files open, agree with baseline and support the manual flow. The plan here has not been executed or hardware-tested, so untried parts remain untried.

Real checking

Later verification must show files open, match baseline and support fallback. State checked/untried parts. This is a plan, not actual recovery or hardware tests.

Protect newer work, identify baseline/comparison/manual route and stop when current facts cannot be established.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Level project: a controlled workflow

In this chapter ↓
  1. Combine the parts in an example
  2. Input and normal flow
  3. Failure and recovery
  4. Measurement and limits

Combine the parts in an example

A worked fictional flow concludes the level without an extra mandatory project. Optional activities follow.

An association needs correct understandable room-booking messages, from enquiry to decided sent reply and recorded status.

Input and normal flow

Collect ID, date, start/end and attendance; return incomplete cases. Owner checks current venue availability and VILLKOR-2.0, producing confirmed input or open questions.

AI assists internal text only, not booking, condition changes or sending. Fact-checker compares case/terms. Booking owner decides identified version and sends or assigns authorised sending.

Log links case, versions, checks and delivery status, without passwords or full enquiry copies.

Failure and recovery

Missing attendance pauses; wrong time returns for correction/review; interrupted sending needs status investigation before retry. Unknown is neither success nor blind repeat.

Manual fallback uses approved current local terms/template, but current availability still needs confirmation. Old calendars cannot substitute. Preserve newer versions before recovery.

The log connects enquiry, source version, draft version, checks and actual sending status without reproducing all personal details. A local terms copy supports manual text preparation but cannot replace confirmation of current room availability. Measure active work from complete input to usable reply, waiting, corrections and post-send faults, including review in comparisons. This is a flow description, not a built or approved process, and no saving has been measured. Real use requires later checks of deviations as well as successful normal cases.

Measurement and limits

Track active time from complete input to ready reply, waiting, corrections and post-send errors. Compare similar cases including review with predefined criteria.

This is a described, not built/approved flow, with no measured savings. Real use needs checks including deviations.

Clear inputs, bounded support, pre-consequence checks and documented actual completion remain understandable without AI.

The optional level conclusion, explanatory feedback and shared sources follow. The next level begins with chapter 061 Needs before AI strategy.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Explore what you have learned

This is the level's single optional conclusion. Choose helpful activities, read feedback directly or continue without answering. No pass mark, submission or barrier applies. All situations are fictional.

1. Activity 1

A workshop receives a course enquiry, checks date/tutor and writes a reply. What input, output and responsibility do the three steps need? What happens if attendance is missing?

Show explanatory feedback

Collect date, interval and attendance into a complete enquiry. Organiser combines it with current availability to confirm an option. Editor writes from confirmed facts with review before use. Missing attendance requires completion, not guesses. Role names vary; handovers and ownership must remain clear.

2. Activity 2

Document 2.0 requires bookings for groups above 15. Draft 3.0 proposes 20 but is undecided. A group of 18 asks. Which evidence may support the answer, and what needs checking when passages are retrieved?

Show explanatory feedback

Current 2.0 supports booking. Draft 3.0 is not a new rule. Check status, conditions, exceptions and actual support in the passages. Retrieval and generation can fail. If 2.0's status is unconfirmed, its owner must resolve that first.

3. Activity 3

An assistant may read availability and create internal drafts. It proposes booking and sending confirmation. What boundary must be kept, and where should a human checkpoint sit?

Show explanatory feedback

Reading and proposing do not permit booking or sending. Provide internal evidence and stop before unauthorised actions. Authorised people check and decide before consequential steps. Technical availability does not enlarge the assignment.

4. Activity 4

A sending attempt stops with unknown outcome. A local draft also has a wrong time but some later correct changes. Describe handling without duplicate sending or loss of subsequent work.

Show explanatory feedback

Establish sending status before retry; report unknown as unknown and refer if unresolved. Preserve the current draft, compare applicable sources, restore time and check later edits. Old copies should not replace everything blindly. Manual fallback needs the same evidence and checks.

5. Activity 5

Ten similar cases previously took 100 minutes including review. New drafting takes 40 and checking/correction 50. Faulty drafts increase from one to four. What does this show, and what conclusions are too strong?

Show explanatory feedback

Total is 90 minutes, not 40, in these constructed cases. Active work falls ten minutes while more drafts need correction. This does not prove universal improvement, future savings or poorer final quality if errors were corrected. Follow remaining faults, equivalent selection and other costs.

6. Activity 6

Hand over a process to someone new. What should a brief handover and log entry contain so the next action and current status are understandable?

Show explanatory feedback

Include entry, versioned material, owner, normal flow, status, questions, stops and fallback. Logs need time, case/result ID, version, source, change and actual checking outcome. Formats vary. Avoid secrets and “all checked” for partial review.

Sources follow. Level 4 begins with chapter 061.

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Level 3 · Intermediate

Sources for this level

European edition 1.0 | 2026-10-13

Optional further reading. EU sources supplement the original bibliography. National sources are supplementary examples, not rules for all Europe. Original sources were reviewed on 2026-10-12; EU additions on 2026-10-13. Publication titles and addresses are retained.

S31 NIST: AI RMF Core, ramverk 1.0 (2023)

https://airc.nist.gov/airmf-resources/airmf/5-sec-core/

S32 NIST: AI 600-1 Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile (2024)

https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ai/NIST.AI.600-1.pdf

S33 Google for Developers: Data quality and interpretation

https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/guides/data-traps/quality?hl=en

S34 Anthropic: Contextual Retrieval (2024)

https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/contextual-retrieval

S35 Anthropic: Effective context engineering for AI agents (2025)

https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/effective-context-engineering-for-ai-agents

S36 Anthropic: Building effective agents (2024; sidan har senare uppdaterats)

https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/building-effective-agents

S37 MDN: Client-server overview

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/First_steps/Client-Server_overview

S38 IMY: GDPR och AI [supplementary national example]

https://www.imy.se/verksamhet/ai/gdpr-och-ai/

EU01 European Commission: Legal framework of EU data protection

https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-protection/legal-framework-eu-data-protection_en

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